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Heat Pump Permitted Development: Rules for Air and Ground Source

Heat Pump Permitted Development: Rules for Air and Ground Source

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Planning Rules

Heat Pump Permitted Development: Rules for Air and Ground Source

Air source and ground source heat pumps gained permitted development rights in England in 2011. Most domestic installations don’t need planning permission — but the rules differ by type.

Quick Answer

Most heat pumps are permitted development — but conditions apply

Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) on dwellinghouses and flats are permitted development under Part 14, Class G of the GPDO 2015, provided there is only one unit on the property, it is not on a wall or roof fronting a highway, and noise levels meet the MCS Planning Standards. Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are permitted development under Part 14, Class I. Listed buildings are excluded from both rights. In conservation areas, ASHPs are only permitted if not on a wall or roof fronting a highway. The ‘one pump per property’ rule for ASHPs is strict.

Air Source Heat Pumps

Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are permitted development under Part 14, Class G of the GPDO 2015. The permitted development right covers the installation, alteration, or replacement of an air source heat pump on a dwellinghouse or a block of flats, or within the curtilage of a dwellinghouse or block of flats.

Class G is a MCS Permitted Development designation — the installation must be carried out by an MCS-certified installer or to equivalent standards, and must comply with the MCS Planning Standards (which set noise limits for ASHP installations).

⚠️ Only one ASHP per property Class G only permits a single air source heat pump per dwellinghouse or flat. If there is already a heat pump on the property (including one installed under planning permission), a second unit cannot be added under permitted development rights.

Ground Source Heat Pumps

Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are permitted development under Part 14, Class I of the GPDO 2015. Class I permits the installation, alteration, or replacement of a ground source heat pump within the curtilage of a dwellinghouse or block of flats — including the installation of ground loops or boreholes associated with the system.

Ground source heat pumps are generally less visible than air source units (the plant equipment is typically indoors and the ground loops are underground), so planning permission is rarely an issue. The main practical constraint is whether ground conditions are suitable for the installation, not planning.

Key Conditions

Condition Detail
One unit only (ASHP) Only one air source heat pump is permitted per dwelling — if one already exists, a second requires planning permission
Not on highway-facing wall/roof An ASHP cannot be installed on a wall or roof that fronts a highway
MCS compliance Must comply with MCS Planning Standards (sets noise limits — 42dB at nearest habitable room facade at 3 metres)
Volume limit The volume of the unit must not exceed 0.6 cubic metres
Listed buildings excluded Both Class G and Class I do not apply to listed buildings
No effect on chimney stack The installation must not affect a chimney, flue, or soil and vent pipe
✅ No Prior Approval needed for heat pumps. Unlike some other PD rights, ASHP and GSHP installations under Part 14 do not require Prior Approval from the council — the works can proceed directly, subject to MCS certification requirements.

Protected Areas and Exclusions

The ASHP permitted development right (Class G) has specific exclusions:

  • Listed buildings: Class G does not apply to listed buildings or buildings within the curtilage of a listed building
  • Conservation areas: In conservation areas, Class G applies but the ASHP cannot be on a wall or roof facing a highway (the same restriction as elsewhere — but in practice this means most visible locations in a conservation area require planning permission)
  • World Heritage Sites and scheduled monuments: Class G does not apply in World Heritage Sites or to scheduled monuments

Ground source heat pumps (Class I) have fewer restrictions — there is no conservation area restriction on Class I because the ground works are below ground and don’t affect the character of the area. Class I does not apply to listed buildings.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need planning permission for an air source heat pump?
In most cases, no — air source heat pumps on dwellinghouses are permitted development under Part 14, Class G of the GPDO 2015. Exceptions are: listed buildings (planning permission and listed building consent required); second heat pump on a property that already has one (planning permission required); ASHP on a highway-facing wall or roof (planning permission required). The installation must be by an MCS-certified installer and comply with MCS Planning Standards.
Can I install a heat pump in a conservation area?
Air source heat pumps are permitted development in conservation areas, provided they are not on a wall or roof that fronts a highway. In practice, this means rear garden installations are generally permitted development. For a unit on the front of the building or visible side, planning permission is required. Ground source heat pumps have no conservation area restriction under Class I.
Can I install two heat pumps on my property?
Not under permitted development — Class G only permits one air source heat pump per property. If you want a second unit, or if you already have one installed under planning permission, a planning application is needed for the additional unit. Ground source heat pumps under Class I don’t have the same ‘one unit’ restriction.
Do heat pumps need building regulations approval?
Yes — heat pump installations require building regulations compliance for the heating system, pipework, and electrical connections. Most MCS-certified installers will handle this as part of the installation. The MCS certification scheme provides a route to compliance via the competent person scheme for heat pump installers, similar to the approach used for boiler replacements.

More on Permitted Development Rights

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PERMITTED HOMEOWNER GUIDES

Planning a home project?
Start with a £15 guide.

Our illustrated, practical guides help you understand the rules, explore design options and budget with confidence — before you commit to building work.

  • Porch Guide — £15 illustrated PDF guide by PERMITTED
    Porch Guide

    Rules, design options, costs and next steps.

    View guide
  • Garage Guide — £15 illustrated PDF guide by PERMITTED
    Garage Guide

    Rules, design options, costs and next steps.

    View guide
  • Garden Room Guide — £15 illustrated PDF guide by PERMITTED
    Garden Room Guide

    Rules, design options, costs and next steps.

    View guide
  • Rear Extension Guide — £15 illustrated PDF guide by PERMITTED
    Rear Extension Guide

    Rules, design options, costs and next steps.

    View guide
  • Side Extension Guide — £15 illustrated PDF guide by PERMITTED
    Side Extension Guide

    Rules, design options, costs and next steps.

    View guide
  • Conservatory Guide — £15 illustrated PDF guide by PERMITTED
    Conservatory Guide

    Rules, design options, costs and next steps.

    View guide
  • Two Storey Rear Guide — £15 illustrated PDF guide by PERMITTED
    Two Storey Rear Guide

    Rules, design options, costs and next steps.

    View guide
  • Loft Conversion Guide — £15 illustrated PDF guide by PERMITTED
    Loft Conversion Guide

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8 project-specific guidesClear, jargon-free explanations£15 off matching drawing packages

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